Berlin, the capital of Germany, has existed since the 13th century. Some memories of the city's turbulent history in the 20th century are the Holocaust Memorial and the ruins of the Berlin Wall, filled with graffiti. Used as a border division during the Cold War, the Brandenburg Gate, built in the 18th century, has become a symbol of reunification. The city is also known for its artistic setting and modern monuments, such as the Berlin Philharmonic, golden and with a triangular roof, built in 1963.